Components

1. Solar Panel

   • Converts sunlight (solar energy) into electricity (DC power).

   • Mounted at an angle for maximum exposure to sunlight.

   • Provides clean and renewable energy.

2. Pump Controller

   • Regulates the power from the solar panel.

   • Protects the pump from overload, under-voltage, or dry run.

   • Converts DC electricity to the required form for the submersible pump.

3. Submersible Pump

   • Installed below ground level inside a borewell or water source.

   • Operates under water to lift water from underground.

   • Powered by electricity supplied from the solar system.

4. Piping System

   • Connects the pump to the surface.

   • Delivers water to the outlet for irrigation, storage tanks, or direct use.

Working Principle

1. Sun rays hit the solar panel, generating DC electricity.

2. The pump controller manages and stabilizes this electricity.

3. The submersible pump (located underground) receives power and lifts water.

4. Water is delivered through pipes to the surface, where it can be used for:

   • Irrigation (farmlands, gardens, lawns).

   • Drinking water (after treatment).

   • Domestic or livestock use.

Applications

• Irrigation in remote agricultural areas.

• Water supply in rural and off-grid communities.

• Drinking water projects.

• Livestock watering systems.

Advantages

• Renewable energy source (no fuel cost).

• Environmentally friendly (no emissions).

• Low operating and maintenance costs.

• Independent of grid electricity — ideal for rural/off-grid areas.

Limitations

• Initial installation cost is high.

• Depends on sunlight availability (reduced output on cloudy/rainy days).

• Requires proper sizing of solar panels and pump for efficiency.